Efficiency of time-lapse intervals and simple baits for camera surveys of wild pigs

Growing concerns surrounding established and expanding populations of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) have created the need for rapid and accurate surveys of these populations. We conducted surveys of a portion of the wild pig population on Fort Benning, Georgia, to determine if a longer time-lapse interval than had been previously used in surveys of wild pigs would generate similar detection results. We concurrently examined whether use of soured corn at camera sites affected the time necessary for pigs to locate a new camera site or the time pigs remained at a site. Our results suggest that a 9-min time-lapse interval generated dependable detection results for pigs and that soured corn neither attracted pigs to a site any quicker than plain, dry, whole-kernel corn, nor held them at a site longer. Maximization of time-lapse interval should decrease data and processing loads, and use of a simple, available bait should decrease cost and effort associated with more complicated baits; combination of these concepts should increase efficiency of wild pig surveys. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.     

The provision of winter bird food by the English Environmental Stewardship scheme

Environmental Stewardship (ES) is the main mechanism for reversing the decline in farmland birds in England, and includes a range of options designed to provide winter foraging for seed‐eating species. We estimated granivorous songbird densities on ES options designed to provide winter food, on farms within the Entry Level (ELS) or Higher Level (HLS) strata of ES. ES Wild Bird Mixtures (WBMs) hosted higher densities and a wider range of granivores than non‐ES game covers, although in East Anglia the enhanced HLS WBM was used no more than the basic ELS WBM. In the West Midlands there were low densities of granivores on all WBMs and game covers. The widespread ELS WBM appeared to provide little food for buntings but supported finches, partially through greater weed burdens. There was a weak, non‐significant trend for Skylarks Alauda arvensis to make greater use of ELS cereal stubbles than non‐ES stubbles, possibly because of post‐harvest herbicide restrictions allowing overwinter weed growth. At the field scale, this work demonstrates that although some ES options provide winter food resources for birds, there is limited evidence for additional benefits of Higher Level vs. Entry Level Stewardship to wintering farmland songbirds.     

5种野菜的抗氧化成分分析

米瓦罐(Silene conoidea L.),又称麦瓶草,一年生或越年生草本;离蕊芥[Malcolmia africana (L.) R. Br.],又名涩荠,一年生或越年生草本;荠菜[Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic.] 为十字花科植物,一年生或越年生草本;枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)为茄科植物,多年生有刺灌木;马兰[Kalimeris indica (L.) Sch.-Bip.]为菊科马兰属植物,多年生直立草本,别名鸡儿肠、马兰头.     

中国野生假俭草的研究现状

对近年来我国野生假俭草的研究现状进行了综述,并提出了我国野生假俭草发展前景及今后科研的方向。     

Eleven microsatellite markers in Nasonia,Ashmead 1904 (Hymenoptera; Pteromalidae)

We designed primer sequences for 11 microsatellite markers in the jewel wasp Nasonia vitripennis. Most loci could be cross‐amplified in Nasonia longicornis and Nasonia giraulti, which make them amenable for linkage analysis in hybrid crosses. Eight loci were assigned to specific chromosomes. Additionally, 10 loci showed allelic variation in a Nasonia vitripennis field population. The observed number of alleles in this population ranged from two to seven, with observed heterozygosities from 0.0750 to 0.4750.     

盐胁迫下不同基因型番茄可溶性物质含量的变化

以两种野生番茄秘鲁番茄(Lycopersicon peruvianum LAlll)、潘那利番茄(Lycopersicon pennellii LA716)和两种栽培番茄"鲜丰98-7"、"交农1号"为材料,用NaCl 150 mmol/L进行盐胁迫,测定及分析了植株体内Na 、K 、Ca2 等无机离子和某些有机溶质游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖的含量.结果表明,盐胁迫条件下,野生番茄在新叶中积累了大量的Na 等无机离子,而栽培番茄新叶内脯氨酸和可溶性糖的含量却显著提高,且它具有将吸收的Na 区域化到老叶中的能力.说明野生番茄和栽培番茄在可溶性物质的合成和积累能力上有明显差异,它们是通过不同代谢途径和机理来适应盐环境的.     

Flower Color Polymorphism in Rhododendron cyanocarpum (Ericaceae), an Endangered Alpine Species Endemic to NW Yunnan,China

Rhododendron cyanocarpum is a narrow endemic species with pink and white floral color. In the present study, to investigate the significance of petal color morphs, we examined color morph frequencies, petal color reflectance and other associated floral characters, effective pollinators, visitation frequencies, and fruit production in the field. In all surveyed known populations, plants with pink color morph dominanted and comprised 77%-100% of individuals. Two peaks at 430 nm and 650 nm were found in the petal color reflectance of pink flowers, and only one peak at 430 nm was found in the reflectance spectrum of white flowers. In addition, color morphs were also associated with colors of style and stigma, lengths of corolla, calyx and pedicel, the closest distance between stigma and stamen, but not with style length and nectar production. Moreover, higher visitation frequency of their shared pollinators (bumblebees) and fruit production were observed of pink flowers than white flowers. Despite a briefly temporal and spacial study, we suggest that color morph frequencies, visit frequencies of bumblebees and fruit production, all favor to be stablilizing selection for the pink color morph.     

锦绣杜鹃菌根真菌rDNA ITS序列分析及接种效应研究

利用rDNA ITS序列对锦绣杜鹃菌根真菌的16个菌株进行了分类分析。根据菌株ITS序列全长计算各菌株间序列相似度和遗传距离,并与GenBank中最相似菌株序列构建系统发育树。结果表明：16个菌株在系统树上聚为3个大分支。其中7个菌株在支持率为100%的基础上与树粉孢属真菌Oidiodendron sp.聚为一类;2个菌株与未鉴定的杜鹃花科植物根系真菌unidentified root associated fungi聚为一类,支持率为100%;其他7个菌株在98%的支持率上与几种未命名的欧石楠类菌根真菌     

鄱阳湖六种野鸭越冬行为及觅食策略

2019年10月-2020年1月和2020年10月-2021年1月,采用瞬时扫描法和焦点动物法对鄱阳湖区6种野鸭越冬行为和觅食策略进行了观察.结果 表明,6种野鸭最多的4种行为均为取食、休息、修整和运动.绿头鸭(Anas platyrhynchos)、赤麻鸭(Tadorna ferruginea)和针尾鸭(Anas a...